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color theme</div> <svg class="theme-icon-when-auto-light"><use href="#svg-sun-with-moon"></use></svg> <svg class="theme-icon-when-auto-dark"><use href="#svg-moon-with-sun"></use></svg> <svg class="theme-icon-when-dark"><use href="#svg-moon"></use></svg> <svg class="theme-icon-when-light"><use href="#svg-sun"></use></svg> </button> </div> <label class="toc-overlay-icon toc-content-icon" for="__toc"> <div class="visually-hidden">Toggle table of contents sidebar</div> <i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-toc"></use></svg></i> </label> </div> <article role="main" id="furo-main-content"> <section id="containers-and-vms"> <span id="id1"></span><h1>Containers and VMs<a class="headerlink" href="#containers-and-vms" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1> <p>LXD provides support for two different types of <a class="reference internal" href="#expl-instances"><span class="std std-ref">instances</span></a>: <em>system containers</em> and <em>virtual machines</em>.</p> <p>When running a system container, LXD simulates a virtual version of a full operating system. To do this, it uses the functionality provided by the kernel running on the host system.</p> <p>When running a virtual machine, LXD uses the hardware of the host system, but the kernel is provided by the virtual machine. Therefore, virtual machines can be used to run, for example, a different operating system.</p> <section id="application-containers-vs-system-containers"> <h2>Application containers vs. system containers<a class="headerlink" href="#application-containers-vs-system-containers" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>Application containers (as provided by, for example, Docker) package a single process or application. System containers, on the other hand, simulate a full operating system and let you run multiple processes at the same time.</p> <p>Therefore, application containers are suitable to provide separate components, while system containers provide a full solution of libraries, applications, databases, and so on. In addition, you can use system containers to create different user spaces and isolate all processes belonging to each user space, which is not what application containers are intended for.</p> <p><img alt="Application and system containers" src="../../_images/application-vs-system-containers.svg" /></p> </section> <section id="virtual-machines-vs-system-containers"> <h2>Virtual machines vs. system containers<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-machines-vs-system-containers" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>Virtual machines emulate a physical machine, using the hardware of the host system from a full and completely isolated operating system. System containers, on the other hand, use the OS kernel of the host system instead of creating their own environment. If you run several system containers, they all share the same kernel, which makes them faster and more lightweight than virtual machines.</p> <p>With LXD, you can create both system containers and virtual machines. You should use a system container to leverage the smaller size and increased performance if all functionality you require is compatible with the kernel of your host operating system. If you need functionality that is not supported by the OS kernel of your host system or you want to run a completely different OS, use a virtual machine.</p> <p><img alt="Virtual machines and system containers" src="../../_images/virtual-machines-vs-system-containers.svg" /></p> </section> <section id="instance-types-in-lxd"> <span id="expl-instances"></span><h2>Instance types in LXD<a class="headerlink" href="#instance-types-in-lxd" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>LXD supports the following types of instances:</p> <dl class="simple myst"> <dt>Containers</dt><dd><p>Containers are the default type for instances. They are implemented through the use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">liblxc</span></code> (LXC).</p> </dd> <dt>Virtual machines</dt><dd><p><abbr title="VMs">Virtual machines</abbr> are natively supported since version 4.0 of LXD. Thanks to a built-in agent, they can be used almost like containers, with a similar set of features.</p> <p>LXD uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu</span></code> to provide the VM functionality.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>In the <a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/instance_options/#instance-options"><span class="std std-ref">Instance options</span></a> documentation, some instance options display a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">condition</span></code> field in their details, with the value of either <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">container</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virtual</span> <span class="pre">machine</span></code>. This indicates the type of instance for which that option is available. If no <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">condition</span></code> field exists in an option’s details, that option applies to both types.</p> </div> </dd> </dl> </section> <section id="related-topics"> <h2>Related topics<a class="headerlink" href="#related-topics" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>How-to guides:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../instances/#instances"><span class="std std-ref">Instances</span></a></p></li> </ul> <p>Reference:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../../container-environment/#container-runtime-environment"><span class="std std-ref">Container runtime environment</span></a></p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../instance_config/#instance-config"><span class="std std-ref">Instance configuration</span></a></p></li> </ul> </section> </section> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="related-pages"> <a class="next-page" href="../../image-handling/"> <div class="page-info"> <div class="context"> <span>Next</span> </div> <div class="title">Local and remote images</div> </div> <svg class="furo-related-icon"><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </a> <a class="prev-page" href="../lxd_lxc/"> <svg class="furo-related-icon"><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> <div class="page-info"> <div class="context"> <span>Previous</span> </div> <div class="title"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxd</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxc</span></code></div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="bottom-of-page"> <div class="left-details"> <div class="copyright"> Copyright © 2014-2025 LXD contributors </div> <div class="last-updated"> Last updated on Sep 08, 2025</div> <div class="show-source"> <a class="muted-link" href="../../_sources/explanation/instances.md.txt" rel="nofollow">Show source</a> </div> </div> <div> <a class="display-contributors">Thanks to the 3 contributors!</a> <div id="overlay"></div> <ul class="all-contributors"> <li> <a href="https://github.com/canonical/lxd/commit/b15618883058d334807ab0c35502928cd03d8947" class="contributor">Kadin Sayani</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/canonical/lxd/commit/04ab1ce602e06d802c0480f40fcb0cd8b75d7a3a" class="contributor">Minae Lee</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/canonical/lxd/commit/f91090f7518bc24386e7afe4d65d67073788f127" class="contributor">Ruth Fuchss</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="right-details"> <div class="ask-discourse"> <a class="muted-link" href="https://discourse.ubuntu.com/c/lxd/">Ask a question on Discourse</a> </div> <div class="ask-matrix"> <a class="muted-link" href="https://matrix.to/#/#documentation:ubuntu.com">Ask a question on Matrix</a> </div> <div class="issue-github"> <a class="muted-link" href="https://github.com/canonical/lxd/issues/new?title=doc%3A+ADD+A+TITLE&body=DESCRIBE+THE+ISSUE%0A%0A---%0ADocument: explanation/instances.md">Open a GitHub issue for this page</a> </div> <div class="edit-github"> <a class="muted-link" href="https://github.com/canonical/lxd/edit/main/doc/explanation/instances.md">Edit this page on GitHub</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <aside class="toc-drawer"> <div class="toc-sticky toc-scroll"> <div class="toc-title-container"> <span class="toc-title"> Contents </span> </div> <div class="toc-tree-container"> <div class="toc-tree"> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Containers and VMs</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#application-containers-vs-system-containers">Application containers vs. system containers</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#virtual-machines-vs-system-containers">Virtual machines vs. system containers</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#instance-types-in-lxd">Instance types in LXD</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#related-topics">Related topics</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="relatedlinks-title-container"> <span class="relatedlinks-title"> Related links </span> </div> <div class="relatedlinks-container"> <div class="relatedlinks"> <ul><li><a href="https://discuss.linuxcontainers.org/t/8767" target="_blank">Overview - GUI inside Containers</a></li><li><a href="https://discuss.linuxcontainers.org/t/7519" target="_blank">Running virtual machines with LXD 4.0</a></li><li><a href="https://discuss.linuxcontainers.org/t/9281" target="_blank">Install any OS via ISO in a Virtual machine/VM</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/lxd-virtual-machines-an-overview" target="_blank">LXD virtual machines: an overview</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div><script src="../../_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script> <script src="../../_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script> <script src="../../_static/documentation_options.js?v=187304be"></script> <script src="../../_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script> <script src="../../_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script> <script src="../../_static/scripts/furo.js?v=46bd48cc"></script> <script src="../../_static/clipboard.min.js?v=a7894cd8"></script> <script src="../../_static/copybutton.js?v=f281be69"></script> <script src="../../_static/config-options.js"></script> <script src="../../_static/design-tabs.js?v=f930bc37"></script> <script src="../../_static/header-nav.js?v=e117ad08"></script> <script src="../../_static/footer.js?v=5acea47a"></script> <script src="../../_static/github_issue_links.js?v=32bb732f"></script> <script src="../../_static/js/bundle.js?v=a4d88309"></script> <script> const github_url = "https://github.com/canonical/lxd"; </script> </body> </html>
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